Mutha kupeza utoto wozama, wofanana muzovala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolondola. Amakina opangira utotoimachita izi m'magawo atatu ofunikira: kuchiritsa, kudaya, komanso kuchiritsa pambuyo pake. Imakakamiza mowa wopaka utoto kudzera m'matumba a ulusi pansi pa kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa.
Zofunika Kwambiri
● Kudaya ulusi kuli ndi njira zitatu zazikulu: kudzipangira mankhwala, kudaya, ndi kuchiritsa pambuyo pake. Gawo lirilonse ndi lofunikira pamtundu wabwino.
● Makina odaya ulusi amagwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera monga pampu ndi chotenthetsera kutentha. Mbali zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ulusiwo udaye mofanana komanso pa kutentha koyenera.
● Ulusiwo akaupaka utoto, amauchapa ndi kuupaka mankhwala. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mtunduwo ukhale wowala komanso wamphamvu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Gawo 1: Kuchiza
Muyenera kukonza bwino ulusi wanu usanalowe mu nthawi yodaya. Gawo lokonzekerali limapangitsa kuti ulusiwo ukhale woyera, woyamwa komanso wokonzekera kuyamwa kwamtundu umodzi. Zimaphatikizapo zinthu zitatu zofunika kwambiri.
Kupiringa Ulusi
Choyamba, mumakulunga ulusi waiwisi kuchokera ku ma hank kapena ma cones ndikuyika pamaphukusi apadera a perforated. Njira imeneyi, yotchedwa soft winding, imapanga phukusi lokhala ndi kachulukidwe kake. Muyenera kuwongolera kachulukidwe aka mosamala. Kumangirira kolakwika kungayambitse njira, pomwe utoto umayenda mosiyanasiyana ndikupangitsa kusiyana kwa mithunzi. Pa ulusi wa thonje, muyenera kutsata kachulukidwe ka phukusi pakati pa 0.36 ndi 0.40 gm/cm³. Ulusi wa poliyesitala umafunika phukusi lolimba, lokhala ndi kachulukidwe kopitilira 0.40 gm/cm³.
Kutsegula Chonyamulira
Kenako, mumayika mapepala a balawa pa chonyamulira. Chonyamulira ichi ndi chimango chonga spindle chomwe chimasunga ulusi bwino mkati mwa makina odaya ulusi. Mapangidwe a chonyamulira amalola kuti chakumwa cha utoto chiziyenda mofanana pa paketi iliyonse. Makina opanga mafakitale ali ndi kuthekera kosiyanasiyana kuti azitha kutengera kukula kwa batch.
Mphamvu Zonyamula:
● Makina ang'onoang'ono amatha kunyamula makilogalamu 10 okha.
● Makina apakati nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zoyambira 200 kg mpaka 750 kg.
● Makina opanga zinthu zazikulu amatha kupanga ma kilogalamu 1500 pagulu limodzi.
Kupukuta ndi Bleaching
Pomaliza, mumatsuka ndikupukuta mkati mwa makina osindikizidwa. Kupukuta kumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a alkaline kuchotsa phula lachilengedwe, mafuta, ndi dothi ku ulusi.
● Chinthu chofala kwambiri chokolopa ndi Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH).
● Kuyika kwambiri kumayambira 3-6% kuti ayeretse bwino ulusi.
Mukatsuka, mumatsuka ulusiwo, nthawi zambiri ndi hydrogen peroxide. Sitepe iyi imapanga maziko oyera ofanana, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti akwaniritse mitundu yowala komanso yolondola. Mumatsuka bwino potenthetsa bafa mpaka 95-100 ° C ndikusunga kwa mphindi 60 mpaka 90.
Kumvetsetsa Udindo wa Makina Opangira Ulusi
Mukakonzekeratu, mumadalira makina opaka utoto kuti apange mtundu wabwino kwambiri. Makinawa ndi oposa chidebe; ndi dongosolo lamakono lopangidwira molondola. Kumvetsetsa ntchito zake zazikulu kumakuthandizani kuyamikira momwe zimapezera zotsatira zosasinthika, zapamwamba.
Zigawo Zofunika Zamakina
Muyenera kudziwa zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu zomwe zimagwirira ntchito limodzi panthawi yopaka utoto. Chiwalo chilichonse chimakhala ndi ntchito yake yapadera komanso yofunika kwambiri.
| Chigawo | Ntchito |
|---|---|
| Kier (Chombo Chopaka utoto) | Ichi ndiye chidebe chachikulu choletsa kukakamiza. Imasunga mapaketi anu a ulusi ndi njira ya utoto pa kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika. |
| Kutentha Exchanger | Chigawochi chimayang'anira kutentha kwa kusamba kwa utoto. Imawongolera kutenthetsa ndi kuziziritsa kutsata njira yodaya ndendende. |
| Pampu Yozungulira | Pampu yamphamvu imeneyi imayendetsa mowa wa utoto mu ulusi. Zimatsimikizira kuti fiber iliyonse imalandira mtundu wofanana. |
Kufunika Kozungulira
Muyenera kukwaniritsa kufalikira kwa utoto wofanana kuti mukhale ndi mtundu wofanana. Pampu yozungulira imakakamiza chakumwa cha utoto kudzera mu mapaketi a ulusi pamlingo wina wotuluka. Mlingo uwu ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popewa kusiyanasiyana kwa mithunzi. Makina osiyanasiyana amagwira ntchito mothamanga mosiyanasiyana.
| Mtundu wa Makina | Mayendedwe (L kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) |
|---|---|
| Wamba | 30–45 |
| Kudaya Mwachangu | 50-150 |
Kutentha ndi Pressure Systems
Muyenera kuwongolera bwino kutentha ndi kupanikizika, makamaka kwa ulusi wopangidwa ngati poliyesitala. Makina otentha kwambiri nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito mpaka140 ° Cndi≤0.4Mpawa pressure. Zinthu zimenezi zimathandiza kuti utotowo ulowe mu ulusi wokhuthala. Makina amakono amagwiritsa ntchito makina odzipangira okha kuti azitha kuyendetsa bwino izi.
Ubwino wa Automation:
● Automation imagwiritsa ntchito masensa ndi PLCs (Programmable Logic Controllers) kuti azitsatira ma curve a kutentha ndendende.
● Imachepetsa zolakwika za anthu, kuonetsetsa kuti batch iliyonse yapakidwa utoto mobwerezabwereza.
● Kuwongolera kachitidwe kameneka kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zikhale zokhazikika, ngakhale kutengera mtundu, komanso mtundu wapamwamba wazinthu.
Gawo 2: Kuzungulira kwa Dyyeing
Ndi ulusi wanu wokonzedweratu, mwakonzeka kuyamba ntchito yopaka utoto. Gawo ili ndipamene kusintha kwa utoto kumachitika mkati mwa Makina Opaka utoto wa Ulusi, komwe kumafunikira kuwongolera bwino kwa malo osambira, kuzungulira, ndi kutentha.
Kukonzekera Dyebath
Choyamba, mukukonzekera dyebath. Mumadzaza makina ndi madzi ndikuwonjezera utoto ndi mankhwala othandizira kutengera maphikidwe anu. Muyeneranso kukhazikitsa chiyerekezo cha mowa ndi zinthu (L:R). Chiŵerengerochi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa pamtengo ngati 1:8, chimalamula kuchuluka kwa madzi pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya ulusi. Kwa polyester, mumawonjezera mankhwala enaake kusakaniza:
●Obalalitsa:Zimenezi zimachititsa kuti tinthu ta utoto tigawe mofanana m’madzi.
●Ma Leveling Agents:Mapangidwe ovutawa amaonetsetsa kuti utoto umalowa mofanana pa ulusi, kuteteza zigamba kapena mikwingwirima.
Dye Liquor Kuzungulira
Pambuyo pake, mumayamba kufalitsa mowa wa utoto. Musanayambe kutentha, mumayendetsa mpope waukulu kuti musakanize utoto ndi mankhwala. Kuzungulira koyambirira kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti chakumwa chaubweya chikayamba kuyenda mu mapaketi a ulusi, chimakhala chokhazikika kuyambira pachiyambi pomwe. Gawoli limathandiza kupewa kusintha kwamitundu koyambirira.
Kufika Kutentha Kwambiri
Inu ndiye kuyamba Kutentha ndondomeko. Chotenthetsera cha makinawo chimakweza kutentha kwa bath molingana ndi gradient yokonzedwa. Kwa poliyesitala, izi nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kufikira kutentha kwakukulu kozungulira 130 ° C. Mumasunga kutentha kwapamwambaku kwa mphindi 45 mpaka 60. Nthawi yogwirayi ndiyofunika kwambiri kuti utoto ukhazikike bwino ndi kulowa mu ulusi, ndikumaliza ntchito yodaya bwino.
Kuwonjezera Ma Agents Okonza
Pomaliza, mumawonjezera othandizira kuti atseke mtunduwo. Mankhwalawa amapanga mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa utoto ndi ulusi wa ulusi. Mtundu wa wothandizira umadalira utoto ndi ulusi, ndi mapangidwe ena kuphatikiza ma unit vinylamine structural unit for dyes reactive.
pH ndiyofunikira pakukhazikitsaMuyenera kuwongolera bwino pH ya dyebath panthawiyi. Kwa utoto wokhazikika, pH pakati pa 10 ndi 11 ndiyoyenera. Ngakhale kusintha kochepa kungawononge zotsatira zake. Ngati pH ili yotsika kwambiri, kukonza kumakhala koyipa. Ngati ndipamwamba kwambiri, utotowo umasungunuka ndikusamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtundu wofooka.
Gawo 3: Pambuyo pa Chithandizo
Pambuyo pakusintha kwa utoto, muyenera kuchitanso chithandizo. Gawo lomalizali mu Makina Opaka Ulusi amawonetsetsa kuti ulusi wanu uli ndi utoto wabwino kwambiri, umamveka bwino, ndipo wakonzeka kupanga.
Kutsuka ndi Neutralizing
Choyamba, mumatsuka ulusi kuti muchotse mankhwala otsala ndi utoto wosakhazikika. Mukamaliza kuchapa, mumatsitsa ulusi. Kupaka utoto nthawi zambiri kumasiya ulusiwo uli wamchere. Muyenera kukonza pH kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa ulusi komanso kusinthika kwamtundu.
● Mungagwiritse ntchito acetic acid kuti ulusiwo ukhalenso wosalowerera kapena wa asidi pang’ono.
● Othandizira apadera monga Neutra NV amaperekanso kusamalidwa bwino kwapakati pambuyo pa mankhwala a alkaline. Sitepe iyi imabwezeretsa nsaluyo kukhala yofewa, yokhazikika.
Sopo kwa Colorfastness
Kenako, mumatsuka sopo. Izi zimachotsa tinthu tating'ono ta utoto ta hydrolyzed kapena tating'ono tating'ono tomwe timamatira pamwamba pa ulusi. Ngati simuchotsa tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono, timataya magazi panthawi yotsuka pambuyo pake.
Chifukwa Chomwe Kupaka Sopo NdikofunikiraSopo amathandizira kwambiri kusamba mwachangu. Imawonetsetsa kuti chinthu chomaliza chikukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri, monga njira yoyesera ya ISO 105-C06, yomwe imayesa kukana kwamitundu kuchapa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Finnishing Agents
Kenako mumagwiritsa ntchito omaliza. Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti ulusi uzigwira ntchito bwino panjira zina monga kuluka kapena kuluka. Mafuta opangira mafuta ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomaliza kuti ulusiwo ukhale wabwino. Kumaliza uku kumachepetsa kukangana ndikulepheretsa kutsetsereka kwa ndodo, komwe kumachepetsa kusweka kwa ulusi ndi kutsika kwa makina. Ma saizi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuonjezera mphamvu ya ulusi ndi kukana kuvala.
Kutsitsa ndi Kuyanika
Pomaliza, mumatsitsa mapaketi a ulusi kuchokera kwa chonyamulira. Kenako mumaumitsa ulusiwo kuti mukhale chinyezi choyenera. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi kuyanika kwa radio-frequency (RF), komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi kuti iume mapaketiwo mofanana kuchokera mkati kupita kunja. Ulusiwo ukawuma, umakhala wokonzeka kuzunguliridwa ndi kutumizidwa.
Tsopano mukumvetsa kuti njira yopaka utoto ndi ntchito yolondola, yokhala ndi magawo angapo. Kupambana kwanu kumadalira kuwongolera zosinthika kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zofananira ndi mitundu. Njira yokhazikika iyi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira zopulumutsira madzi, ndiyofunikira kuti mukwaniritse ulusi wokhazikika, wapamwamba kwambiri, komanso wosasunthika pakupanga nsalu.
FAQ
Ubwino waukulu wa utoto wa ulusi ndi uti?
Mumakwaniritsa kulowa kwamtundu wapamwamba komanso kufulumira. Kudaya ulusi usanaluke kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zolemera komanso zolimba kwambiri poyerekeza ndi utoto wa nsalu zomwe zatha.
Chifukwa chiyani chiŵerengero cha mowa ndi zinthu (L:R) chili chofunikira?
Muyenera kuwongolera L:R kuti mupeze zotsatira zofananira. Imakhudza kuchuluka kwa utoto, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kusasinthika kwamitundu komanso magwiridwe antchito.
N'chifukwa chiyani mukufunika kupanikizika kwambiri popaka utoto wa polyester?
Mumagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri kuti mukweze kuwira kwa madzi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti utotowo ulowe m’kati mwa ulusi wa poliyesitala kuti ukhale wakuya, ngakhalenso mtundu wake.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-24-2025